Types of Over the Counter ADHD Medication
The medications treat ADHD by targeting brain chemical that affects the ability to focus and impulse control. The drugs are available in a variety of forms such as tablets that can be swallowed or chewed as well as patches and liquids.
Stimulants such as methylphenidate, also known by the brand names Ritalin or Concerta stimulate the activity in the brain areas that regulate attention. They're also available in long-acting versions that release medication throughout the day and reduce fluctuations in symptoms.
Non-stimulant medications
Many people use medications to improve attention and impulse control. The most effective medication is stimulants that boost brain chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine however, these medications have the potential to be addictive. If you are concerned that stimulants aren't working or cause unpleasant side effects, your doctor may suggest switching to a non-stimulant medication. These medications require longer to work, but can alleviate symptoms. They may also be more effective when combined with other treatments.
The two primary types of ADHD medications are stimulants and non-stimulant medicines. The stimulants most frequently used to treat ADHD are methylphenidate and amphetamines. These drugs come in different forms including immediate-release ones and long-acting ones. Immediate-release stimulants may be taken whenever needed and are usually given at the start of the day. Long-acting stimulants are administered once in the morning, and usually last from six to 16 hours. Most people who take these drugs take a combination of long-acting and immediate-release medication to control their symptoms throughout the day.
Alpha antagonists and norepinephrine modulators are both non-stimulant medicines that can be used to treat ADHD. Norepinephrine moderators include atomoxetine (Stattera), and guanfacine (Tenex or Intuniv). The alpha agonists used to treat ADHD are clonidine (Catapres, Kapvay) and guanfacine (Tenex, intuniv). Teenagers with substance abuse issues or addiction issues could be at risk of being affected by stimulant drugs. Non-stimulant drugs is an option for this type of person because it doesn't have the same addiction potential or side consequences.
Many people find that their initial ADHD medication isn't working or causes troublesome adverse side effects. It's important that you speak to your doctor and test different medications if necessary. Your doctor can tell if the medication you are taking is working by checking for specific side-effects like heart rate fluctuations as well as ringing in your ears or a change in your blood pressure. It is also important to discuss any other medications or supplements that you or your child is taking, whether they are prescribed or available over the counter.
Antidepressants
The most frequently used medication to treat ADHD is stimulant medication. They activate the central nervous system which increase alertness and reduce distraction. They can also improve concentration, and have the added benefit of helping people be more in control of their emotions and behaviors. They are generally tolerated by the majority of people, however side effects do exist. Some people may experience a decrease in appetite or drowsiness, while others may develop an increased heart rate or experience insomnia. People with a history of bipolar or depression disorder are at greater risk for developing psychosis while taking stimulant medications.
Some stimulant medications can cause people to feel unusually aggressive or angry, particularly when they first begin to take the medication. If these symptoms persist, patients should consult their physician to alter the dosage or consider a different medication. Stimulants may also increase blood pressure and trigger seizures in certain individuals. Some sufferers may experience a decrease in sexual desire or delayed ejaculation while taking the drugs.
Certain antidepressants, such as serotonin-boosting drugs, may affect the effectiveness of certain ADHD medication. This could result in the loss of effectiveness which is why it is crucial for those suffering from both ailments to discuss their needs for medication with their physicians.
Certain ADHD medications can interact negatively with anxiety or depression in adults and children. Anyone suffering from both conditions should have an open discussion with their doctor, as they might be able to find medications that address all of their symptoms together.
Antidepressants are often well-tolerated by teens and adolescents, but they should be closely monitored for suicidal thoughts. If suicidal feelings are severe or persistent, contact a medical professional immediately. This is done by calling 911 or contacting the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255.
Certain antidepressants can cause feelings of guilt and despair. This is especially true for tricyclic antidepressants, such as imipramine (Tofranil) and nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor). These medications are often prescribed off-label to treat ADHD, but they can be useful in treating ADHD when other treatments have failed.
Blood pressure medication
Medicines that lower blood pressure also help control symptoms of ADHD, including sleep problems and aggression. Clonidine (Catapres), long-acting Guanfacine (Intuniv) and atomoxetine (Atomoxetine) belong to a class of drugs known as alpha-agonists, which are approved to treat high blood pressure but have been used "off label" for a long time to treat ADHD. These drugs improve sleep reduce tics, and increase concentration. They can also cause a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure, so they are safer than stimulants.
It's not clear whether these medications impact the long-term development of brain cells in adolescents and children. Researchers are also unsure whether they will have a long-lasting effect on heart-related issues in these people, which is why certain experts are cautious about their use. These drugs can also increase the risk of seizures in some people. The American Heart Association recommends people with a history of heart disease, stroke or other cardiovascular issues to undergo a cardiac evaluation prior to starting these medicines.
Stimulant ADHD drugs can turn into habit-forming, and they can increase blood pressure and heart rate. It can also adversely affect appetite and sleep. In addition, it's not safe for infants and young children. It can also have negative effects on the brains of children, which could lead to drug abuse.
The FDA warns adults and teens with ADHD who suffer from depression or anxiety but haven't been treated, should avoid stimulant medications. They need to seek psychosocial therapy. This is a form of therapy that teaches positive coping skills and assists in improve social interactions.
Most prescription ADHD medications can cause adverse reactions, including headaches, stomach upset and trouble sleeping. If side effects are severe, a physician might reduce your dosage or switch to a different drug. If you suffer from a serious side effect, such as heart palpitations or hallucinations, contact your doctor immediately.
Even if they claim it that they are, most over-the-counter medications and supplements are not helpful in treating ADHD. Many vitamins and minerals have no scientific backing and some are able to interact with certain medications. It is important to inform your doctor about all the medications and supplements you use, including over-the counter ones.
Other medications
The majority of guidelines for clinical practice recommend stimulant drugs as the first option for treatment for ADHD. Non-stimulant medications can be equally effective in certain instances. Atomoxetine (Strattera) and viloxazine (Qelbree) are FDA-approved non-stimulant ADHD medications, and Guanfacine ER and Clonidine ER can be prescribed to children between the ages of 6 and 17. These medications boost certain brain chemicals that improve the ability to focus, impulse control, and working memory.
Many doctors prescribe additional medication to treat ADHD in addition to these medications. They are usually antidepressants or other medications that alter brain chemicals. Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is an antidepressant that helps some people with ADHD, and tetrahydrozoline methylphenidate (Adderall XR) is another stimulant medication commonly prescribed off-label to treat the condition.
These medications can be found as capsules, tablets liquid, patches or capsules. It is important to read the labels carefully to be sure you or your child are taking the right dose. Also, ensure that you tell your doctor about any other supplements or medications you use, including prescription medications and herbal remedies. Certain medications may cause undesirable adverse effects and can interact with ADHD medication.
Natural treatments for ADHD may help a small number of people however they do not have the same scientific backing as medications approved by the FDA. For example, the herb DMAA (1,3-dimethylamylamine) is sometimes sold as an over-the-counter ADHD treatment, but the FDA warns that it can increase blood pressure and heart rate, which can lead to serious health problems. St. John's wort is another herbal supplement that some people suggest for ADHD, but the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health states that there is no evidence to suggest that it is effective as treatment for ADHD.
Over-the-counter ADHD medication is not a substitute for medical treatment. If adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medication or your child is suffering from symptoms of the disorder, talk to your doctor about the medications. Ask your doctor for the best treatment options if you or your child decide that a prescription medication is right. The doctor will consider the lifestyle of your family and any other medications that you or your child is taking, as well as your medical history, to find the best medication.